Understanding the PSA Test
You may wonder, what is a PSA test and why do doctors recommend it? A PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in a man’s blood. This protein is naturally produced by the prostate gland. Higher levels can suggest issues like prostate cancer, but also benign conditions like inflammation or enlargement.
Although PSA testing has sparked debate, many experts agree it can be helpful when done thoughtfully. Detecting cancer early gives patients more treatment options and a better chance at recovery. PSA screening became widely used in the early 1990s, helping catch some cancers before they spread.
However, it may also detect slow-growing cancers that don’t need treatment. That’s why doctors recommend discussing the benefits and risks with your healthcare provider, especially if you’re over 55.
When Should You Get Tested?
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force advises men aged 55–69 to talk to their doctor about PSA testing. For men over 70, it’s not usually recommended. Some groups, like Black men and those with a family history of prostate cancer, may need earlier screening.
Before your test, avoid activities like biking or sex, which can temporarily raise PSA levels. Prostate infections or other non-cancer issues can also affect the results.
What Happens After an Abnormal Result?
If your PSA is over 4 ng/mL, doctors may recommend follow-up tests. But the exact number that’s “high” depends on your age. These days, an abnormal PSA test is often followed by an MRI scan instead of a biopsy. This scan helps locate suspicious areas more precisely.
If cancer is confirmed, your doctor will suggest a plan. Low-risk cancers may just need regular monitoring. More aggressive cancers are treated right away to stop them from spreading.
Other versions of the PSA test, like free PSA or PSA velocity, provide a more detailed view of your risk. These tests help doctors decide whether a biopsy is really needed.
